Betrayal of Bonnie Prince Charlie
Having worked my way through the Old
Pretender’s struggles, let me turn to Bonnie Prince Charlie and the rebellion
of 1745. The background, as so often when Scots started a face-off with the
English, was a war in which France wanted the ‘English’ distracted, the war of
the Austrian succession. The general situation of the landing and the calling
of the clans is well known but it needs to be remembered that only a smattering
of the clans answered the call and that many of the Redcoats who finally faced
and routed them at Culloden were Scottish. Charlie was an Italian, born in the
Vatican lands, brought up in privilege and where the Pope’s word was law and
obeyed without question. The peasants were mere numbers; there to provide a
gracious living at no great effort, other than being charming, from their betters.
The long 1745 march into England is given a kind of heroic colouring but, if
the attitude of the Highlanders is taken into account, the picture is one of a
gang of bandits surging through the land. Scottish towns were not large and
5000 soldiers, with the autocratic Charlie at their head, arriving in one and
demanding and grabbing what food was available was not welcomed. By the time
they reached Derby they were so loaded with plunder it had to be sent back to
the glens under guard. It is said the Highlanders were well behaved, then why
did they burn the village of Douglas on their retreat? The American Civil War
equivalent is the abhorred Quantrill Raiders.
When it came to Culloden, unlike his
father, who fought with his men, Charlie ran off and left them to the
retribution he had created. Then comes the ‘romantic’ episode of Flora McDonald
and Charlie cowering behind a woman. I can find no thrilling story lines in all
this, only betrayal and tragedy.
The aftermath, the making of maps and
building of roads is another matter. Gaelic speaking Highlanders misleading
English speaking lowlanders trying to make maps and transport pay to workmen.
But hey, what
was happening elsewhere? Instead of Briton fighting Briton on France’s behalf, the
Royal Navy was supporting British colonists in the capture of Cape Briton, the Gibraltar
of the St Laurence, from the French – much more to my liking.
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